Six weeks before the battle, a Canadian contingent arrives to reinforce the garrison. On 8, 9, and 10 December, eight American plus a number of Chinese pilots of the China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC) and their crews flew 16 sorties between Kai Tak Airport and landing fields in Namyung and Chongqing (Chungking),[60] the wartime capital of the Republic of China. [52], C Force never received its vehicles as the US merchant ship San Jose carrying them was, at the outbreak of the Pacific War, diverted to Manila, in the Philippine Islands, at the request of the US Government. Britain first thought of Japan as a threat with the ending of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in 1921, a threat that increased throughout the 1930s with the escalation of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The RAF and air unit personnel from then fought on as ground troops. Hong Kong, The Defence of Hong Kong: December 1941 by Terry Copp, Report No. At least two victims survived the atrocity, namely Private Chan Yam-Kwong and Bombadier Martin Tso Hin-Chi.[82]. Despite being subjected to dive bombing and heavy mortar fire, the Rajputs succeeded in holding Devil's Peak on the mainland until ordered to retreat across Lyemun Strait to Hong Kong island. The Pan-Am Airways flying boat "Hong Kong Clipper" was dive-bombed and destroyed. One of the opening battles of the conflict in the Pacific, Japanese troops commenced their attack on the British colony the same morning as their attack on the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.Though badly outnumbered, the British garrison mounted a tenacious defense but were soon forced from the … 1941 - Japan occupies Hong Kong. [44][45][46] In his despatch, Major-General C. M. Maltby, wrote about the conduct of troops under his command in Hong Kong and mentions the 5/7 Rajput Regiment: "This battalion fought well on the mainland and their repulse of the enemy attack on Devil's Peak was entirely successful. 163 Canadian Participation in the Defence of Hong Kong, December, 1941, Hong Kong War Diary – Current research into the Battle, Battle of Hong Kong Background and Battlefield Tour Points of Interest, Philip Doddridge, Memories Uninvited – "A fascinating story of a young man who finds himself caught up in the horrific battle for Hong Kong and the years of captivity he lived through after the battle was over on December 25th, 1941. [12], According to the history manual of the United States Military Academy: "Japanese control of Canton, Hainan Island, French Indo-China, and Formosa virtually sealed the fate of Hong Kong well before the firing of the first shot". The chief executive under the new Hong Kong … The population drops from 1.6m in 1941 to 650,000 by the end of the Second World War. Four Chinese servants and one civilian, Tam Cheung Huen, were killed. The Japanese also executed at least fourteen captives at Overbays, men of the same units as at The Ridge but also including three Royal Rifles of Canada and an officer of the 1st Battalion, Middlesex Regiment[citation needed]. This day is known in Hong Kong as "Black Christmas".[76]. Photo: Jonathan Wong Photo: Jonathan Wong This is … The simplified name Hong Kong was frequently used by 1810. By 13 December, the 5/7 Rajputs of the Indian Army (Lieutenant Colonel R. Cadogan-Rawlinson), the last Commonwealth troops on the mainland, had retreated to Hong Kong Island.[70]. [59] Early on 10 December, the 228th Infantry Regiment (Colonel Teihichi) of the 38th Division attacked the Commonwealth defences at the Shing Mun Redoubt defended by the A Company of 2nd Battalion Royal Scots (Lieutenant Colonel S. Hong Kong, Malaya and Sarawak & Borneo. The resistance groups were known as the Gangjiu and Dongjiang forces. Hong Kong also lacked adequate naval defences; the destroyers were to withdraw to Singapore Naval Base.[58]. The Eurasians fought well and so did the Indians but the Kowloon line broke when the Royal Scots gave way. From 20 December, the island became split in two with the British Commonwealth forces still holding out around the Stanley peninsula and in the west of the island. [78] A total of 1,528 soldiers, mainly Commonwealth (predominantly Indians and Canadians), are either buried or commemorated there. Maltby organised the defence of the island, splitting it between an East Brigade and a West Brigade. A further seven were killed at Eucliffe and another 36 known victims cannot be placed precisely at one of the three locations (Ridge, Overbays, Eucliffe)[citation needed]. The post was operated by eight to ten members of the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), and around thirty personnel from St. John Ambulance, as well as several civilian medical professionals. Locations which played an important role in setting the pace of military operations during December 1941 include Tai Po Road, the Shing Mun Redoubt trench and tunnel complex in the Gin Drinkers' Line, Devil's Peak, Ma Lau Tong, Lyemun (also spelt as Lye Moon or Lei Yue Mun), North Point, Aldrich Bay (Quarry Bay), Shaukiwan, Saiwan Hill, Wong Nei Chong Gap (Wong Nai Chung Gap), Tytam (Tai Tam Gap & Reservoirs), Shouson Hill and Stanley Fort. The British have had the biggest foreign cultural influence on modern Hong Kongers. Sebagai hasil dari negosiasi antara Tiongkok dan Inggris, Hong Kong diserahkan ke Republik Rakyat Tiongkok melalui Deklarasi Bersama Tiongkok-Britania tahun 1984. [21][22] The 5/7 Rajput Regiment[23] took up garrison at Hong Kong in June 1937 followed by the 2/14 Punjab in November 1940. White). On 15 December, the Japanese began systematic bombardment of the island's North Shore. During the Battle of Hong Kong, the 5/7 Rajputs faced the onslaught of Imperial Japanese Army troops very early-on[38][39] and were the last soldiers to depart from the mainland when Kowloon was evacuated on 13 December 1941. On 8 December 1941, Forward Troops of 2/14 Punjab drew first blood by eliminating a detachment at 1830 hours and virtually wiped out a Japanese platoon on Taipo Road at 1930 hours. [citation needed]. This ushered in the three years and eight months of Imperial Japanese administration. [72][73] In both cases, a few men survived. "[29][30][31][32] which draws significantly from the UK War Office reports which appeared in London Gazette No.38183 "Operations in the Far East, from 17th October 1940 to 27th December 1941"[33] (Despatch by Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, Commander-in-Chief, Far East) and London Gazette No.38190 "Operations in Hong Kong from 8th to 25th December 1941"[34] (Despatch by Major-General C. M. Maltby, General Officer Commanding British Troops in China). The Hong Kong garrison consisted of British, Indian and Canadian units, also the Auxiliary Defence Units and Hong Kong Voluntary Defence Corps. The massacre perpetrated at St Stephen's College is the least well known. [2], The Japanese attack began shortly after 08:00 on 8 December 1941 (Hong Kong Time), four hours after the Attack on Pearl Harbor (difference in time and date is due to the day shift that occurs because of the International date line). [59] Two of the three Vildebeest and the two Walruses were destroyed by 12 Japanese bombers. "[19] Colonel Reynolds Condon, a US Army assistant military attaché who witnessed the battle and was taken prisoner by the Japanese, wrote up his observations on military preparedness before the commencement of hostilities and also the execution of operations thereafter. Chak intended to break out and was given command of the five remaining Motor Torpedo Boats; 68 men, including Chak, Hsu, and David Mercer MacDougall were successfully evacuated to Mirs Bay where they contacted Nationalist guerrillas and were escorted to Huizhou. [59] This made the situation on the New Territories and Kowloon untenable and the evacuation to Hong Kong Island started on 11 December, under aerial bombardment and artillery fire. It is uncertain whether they were killed in action, or murdered after capture. [citation needed]. 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