Richard "Duke of York" Plantagenet was born on September 21, 1411 in Conisborough Castle, Conisborough, Yorkshire, England, son of Richard "Earl of Cambridge" Plantagenet and Anne de Mortimer. York replied, "I know of no person in this realm the which oweth not to wait on me, rather than I of him." Morton, 1914), FHL book Folio 942.9 D2gr; FHL microfilm 468,334., p. I, 305*. [35], York appears to have kept a low profile in English politics before his final return to England, in 1445. [23], In 1442, York continued to hold the line in Normandy. [citation needed]. "Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, 6th Earl of March, 4th Earl of Cambridge, and 7th Earl of Ulster, conventionally called Richard of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460) was a leading English magnate, great-grandson of King Edward III. He was the son of Richard, Duke of York, and succeeded Henry VI in the Wars of the Roses, temporarily losing his throne to Henry when Edward fell out with his adviser Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. York, the Nevilles and some other lords refused to appear, fearing that the armed forces that had been commanded to assemble the previous month had been summoned to arrest them. Eduard IV (Edward IV) Koning van York (van Engeland), Margaretha van York, George van Clarence van York, Richard III van Engeland, Dec 31 1460 - Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, Dec 30 1460 - Wakefield, West Yorkshire, Engeland, George Plantagenet, Johanna van York, Anna van York, Eduard IV van Engeland, Edmund van York, Richard III van Engeland, Sep 20 1411 - Conisbrough, Yorkshire, England, Dec 30 1460 - Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 132. This page was last edited on 13 May 2021, at 19:56. After weeks of negotiation, the best that could be achieved was the Act of Accord, by which York and his heirs were recognised as Henry's successors. In the spring of 1434, York attended a great council meeting at Westminster which attempted to conciliate the king's uncles, the dukes of Bedford and Gloucester (heads of the regency government), over disagreements regarding the conduct of the war in France. View Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York's Family Tree and History, Ancestry and Genealogy Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York's parents: Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York's father was Richard of York, 1st Earl of Cambridge Richard Plantagenet, 3rd … On 22 March 1454, Cardinal John Kemp, the Chancellor, died, making continued government in the King's name constitutionally impossible. York's appointment of his brother-in-law, Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, as Chancellor was significant. [10], Upon the death of the Earl of Cambridge, Richard became a ward of the crown. This suggests a stay of some time was envisaged. When he was but four years old his father was executed by Henry V on 5th August 1415, for his part in a plot to place his brother-in-law Roger Mortimer on the throne. Edward IV (b. Forces loyal to Henry controlled the city of York, and nearby Pontefract Castle was also in hostile hands. But within a few weeks of securing this agreement, he died in battle. In January Adam Moleyns, Lord Privy Seal and Bishop of Chichester, was lynched. [11] On 22 April 1433, York was admitted to the knightly Order of the Garter. John of York (born 7 November 1448, died young). [S673] #1079 A History of Monmouthshire from the Coming of the Normans into Wales down to the Present Time (1904-1993), Bradney, Sir Joseph Alfred, (Publications of the South Wales Record Society, number 8. Richard's mother, Anne Mortimer, died during or shortly after his birth, and his father the Earl of Cambridge was beheaded in 1415 for his part in the Southampton Plot against the Lancastrian King Henry V. Within a few months of his father's death, Richard's childless uncle, Edward, 2nd Duke of York, was slain at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, and so Richard inherited Edward's title and lands, becoming 3rd Duke of York. Instead, York and Salisbury recruited in their strongholds and met Warwick, who had brought with him his troops from Calais, at Worcester. However, Parliament did grant York extraordinary executive powers to protect the realm, and made him Prince of Wales (and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall) and Lord Protector of England[50] on 31 October 1460. [9] An account shows that York's net income from Welsh and marcher lands alone was £3,430 (about £350,000 today) in the year 1443–44. According to the historian Robin Storey: "If Henry's insanity was a tragedy, his recovery was a national disaster. Edward III had left the crown to Richard II, his grandson through his eldest son.After Richard, next in line to the throne was Philippa, daughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the second son of Edward III.The claim passed through Philippa's son Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, to his son Edmund. English policy now turned back to a negotiated peace (or at least a truce) with France, so the remainder of York's time in France was spent in routine administration and domestic matters. His financial state may indeed have been problematic, since by the mid-1440s he was owed £38,666[37] by the crown, (equivalent to £31.6 million in current value)[38] and the income from his estates was declining. Richard of Conisburgh was the younger son of Edmund, 1st Duke of York and therefore a grandson of King Edward III. They arrived at York's stronghold of Sandal Castle on 21 December to find the situation bad and getting worse. Only a successful invasion of England would restore his fortune. [23] Though York failed to bring the French to battle, he and Lord Talbot – in what would be the highlight of York's military career[28] – led a brilliant campaign involving several river crossings around the Seine and Oise, chasing them almost up to the walls of Paris. [15] He then followed Henry to France, being present at his coronation as king of France in Notre-Dame in 1431. 28 Apr 1442 Rouen), son of Richard 'the protector', 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville was the first Yorkist king. Possibly as few as 50 men were killed, but among them were some of the prominent leaders of the Lancastrian party, such as Somerset himself, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford. His considerable lands as duke of York meant that his wardship was a valuable gift of the crown, and in December 1423 this was sold to Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland. After a few months the princes are never seen again and are believed to have been murdered. However, he had become associated with the English in Normandy who were opposed to the policy of Henry VI's Council towards France, some of whom had followed him to England (for example Sir William Oldhall and Sir Andrew Ogard). [27] Duchess Cecily accompanied him to Normandy, and his children Edward, Edmund and Elizabeth were all born in Rouen. Marching under the arms of his maternal great-great-grandfather Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, he displayed a banner of the Coat of Arms of England as he approached London. He inherited great estates, and served in various offices of state in France at the end of the Hundred Years' War, and in England, ultimately governing the country as Lord Protector during Henry VI's madness. Brother of Edward Plantagenet; Alice Plantagenet; Isabel of Cambridge and Henry of York. He was reappointed Lieutenant of France on 2 July, this time with the same powers that the late Bedford had earlier been granted. Geni requires JavaScript! [24] York was keen to leave France as soon as his original twelve-month term of office expired, but he was instructed to remain until the arrival of his successor, the Earl of Warwick, and he did not return to England until November 1437. The Duke of York. ...dmund of York, Margaret of York, Richard III Duke of Gloucester, King of England Plantagenet, Henry of York, Elizabeth of York, Anne of Y... Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France, Fotheringhay Castle, Fotheringhay, Northamptonshire, England, Conisbrough Castle, Yorkshire, England (United Kingdom), Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Margaret Plantagenet, of York, Duchesse de Bourgogne. [44] He became completely unresponsive, unable to speak, and had to be led from room to room. Richard's elder brother was called Edward who became king of England as Edward V in April of 1483 after the death of their father. [citation needed], Salisbury and Warwick continued to serve as councillors, and Warwick was confirmed as Captain of Calais. His conflicts with Henry's wife, Margaret of Anjou, and other members of Henry's court, as well as his competing claim to the throne, were leading factors in the political upheaval of mid-fifteenth-century England, and a major cause of the Wars of the Roses. "[46] When he recovered his reason in January 1455, Henry lost little time in reversing York's actions. However, in August 1456 the court moved to Coventry, in the heart of the queen's lands. [11] On 19 May 1426 he was knighted at Leicester by John, Duke of Bedford, the younger brother of King Henry V.[16] He was present at the coronation of King Henry VI on 6 November 1429 in Westminster Abbey, and on 20 January 1430 he acted as Constable of England for a duel in the presence of the king at Smithfield. Richard, Duke of Gloucester (b. As Richard III, he reigned from 1483 until he was slain at Bosworth Field in 1485. [17] Henry V's conquests in France could not be sustained forever, as England either needed to conquer more territory to ensure permanent French subordination, or to concede territory to gain a negotiated settlement. He may have expected the assembled peers to acclaim him as king, as they had acclaimed Henry Bolingbroke in 1399. Richard of York's grandchildren included Edward V and Elizabeth of York. Here, the Nevilles lost ground. [39] However, although granted another office, that of Justice of the Forest south of the Trent, York still lacked any real support outside Parliament and his own retainers. York was regarded with suspicion on three fronts: he threatened the succession of the young Prince of Wales; he was apparently negotiating for the marriage of his eldest son Edward into the Burgundian ruling family; and as a supporter of the Nevilles, he was contributing to the major cause of disturbance in the kingdom – the Percy–Neville feud. At Dartford in Kent, with his army outnumbered, and the support of only two of the nobility (the Earl of Devon and Lord Cobham), York was forced to come to an agreement with Henry. York's attitude toward the Council's surrender of the French province of Maine, in return for an extension of the truce with France and a French bride for Henry, must have contributed to his appointment on 30 July 1447 as Lieutenant of Ireland. As York reached majority, events were unfolding in France which would tie him to the events of the ongoing Hundred Years' War. Richard, Duke of York Richard was born on 21st September 1411, his mother died giving birth. York was deprived of the Captaincy of Calais (which was granted to Somerset once again) and of the office of Protector. The Yorkist claim was bolstered by the marriage of Edmund's younger son, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, to Anne Mortimer, who was descended from Lionel of Antwerp, the second son of Edward III. By the time Somerset realised what was happening, there was no time to raise a large force to support the king. [S2411] #11915 British Genealogy (filmed 1950), Evans, Alcwyn Caryni, (Books A to H. National Library of Wales MSS 12359-12360D. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, page 495. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. He was the son of Richard of York, 1st Earl of Cambridge and Lady Anne de Mortimer. During 1446 and 1447, York attended meetings of Henry VI's Council and of Parliament, but most of his time was spent in administration of his estates on the Welsh border. English Nobleman. Ursula of York (born 22 July 1455, died young). King Edward IV. The London mob was mobilized to put pressure on parliament itself. On 25 May, Henry received the crown from York in a clearly symbolic display of power. Husband of Cecily Neville, Duchess of York Plantagenet Family Tree In fact, the royal family was without a hereditary surname for around two hundred and fifty years. Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort by Francis Cote. Father of Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York; Constance of York, Countess of Gloucester and Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge. Thomas Bourchier, the Archbishop of Canterbury, asked whether he wished to see the king. This was the most extreme punishment a member of the nobility could suffer, and York was now in the same situation as Henry of Bolingbroke (the future King Henry IV) in 1398. [53] Their reasons for doing so are not clear; they were variously claimed to be a result of deception by the Lancastrian forces, or treachery by northern lords who York mistakenly believed to be his allies, or simple rashness on York's part. His term of office was for ten years, ruling him out of consideration for any other high office during that period. Protesting his loyalty, he aimed to be recognised as Henry VI's heir to the throne (Henry was childless after seven years of marriage), while also trying to destroy the Duke of Somerset, who Henry may have preferred to succeed him over York, as a Beaufort descendant. 1483: Edward and his younger brother Richard of York are imprisoned in the Tower of London. In June, York himself was sent north to defend the border against a threatened invasion by James II of Scotland. Both his parents were descended from King Edward III of England (1312–1377): his father was son of Edmund, 1st Duke of York (founder of the House of York), fourth surviving son of Edward III, whereas his mother Anne Mortimer was a great-granddaughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward's second son. http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I116182&tree... http://www.thepeerage.com/p10164.htm#i101632. He is assumed to have had his two nephews killed in 1483, the "Princes in the Tower". Richard eventually attempted to claim the throne but was dissuaded, although it was agreed that he would become King on Henry's death. [11] As he was an orphan, his property was managed by royal officials. Richard, 3rd duke of York, (born Sept. 21, 1411—died Dec. 30, 1460, near Wakefield, Yorkshire, Eng. Depending on where in the family tree it occurred, it could cast doubt on the Tudor claim to the English throne or, indeed, on Richard's. The older brother of Richard and Clarence, and the king of England at the start of … York's position was enhanced when some of the nobility agreed to join his government, including Salisbury's brother William Neville, Lord Fauconberg, who had served under York in France. [citation needed], In the custody of York, the king was returned to London with York and Salisbury riding alongside, and with Warwick bearing the royal sword in front. When his brother Robert Neville, Bishop of Durham, died in 1457, the new appointment was Laurence Booth. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume III, page 246. Despite his father's plot against the king, along with his provocative ancestry – one which had been used in the past as a rallying point by enemies of the House of Lancaster – Richard was allowed to inherit his family estates without any legal constraints. [35] York met Margaret of Anjou, the intended bride for Henry VI, on 18 March 1445 at Pontoise. The violence in London was such that Somerset, back in England after the collapse of English Normandy, was put in the Tower of London for his own safety. After an occasionally tumultuous reign, he died in 1483 and was succeeded by his twelve-year-old son, Edward V, who was himself succeeded after 86 days by his uncle, York's youngest son, Richard III. On 26 June, Warwick and Salisbury landed at Sandwich. The Lancastrian armies were commanded by some of York's implacable enemies such as Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland and John Clifford, whose fathers had been killed at the Battle of Saint Albans, and included several northern lords who were jealous of York's and Salisbury's wealth and influence in the North. [12], Little is recorded of Richard's early life. [8] Once he inherited the vast Mortimer estates, he also became the wealthiest and most powerful noble in England, second only to the king himself. Llandovery: William Rees, 1846), FHL book 942.9 D23d; FHL microfilm 176,668., vol. Manuscript filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1950), FHL microfilms 104,355 and 104,390 item 2., book 6 p. F3*, 4; book 7 p. G28. Richard of York already held a strong claim to the English throne, being the heir general of Edward III while also related to the same king in a direct male line of descent. On 30 December, York and his forces sortied from Sandal Castle. ", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Plantagenet,_3rd_Duke_of_York, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11543649, http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=1681. They marched north into the Midlands, and on 10 July, they defeated the royal army at the Battle of Northampton (through treachery among the king's troops), and captured Henry, whom they brought back to London. Somerset's fears were to prove well grounded, for in November he was committed to the Tower. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), Volume 12, page 905. When one of York's councillors, Thomas Young, the MP for Bristol, proposed that York be recognised as heir to the throne, he was sent to the Tower and Parliament was dissolved. [6] As a royal ward, in 1416 he was placed under the guardianship of the Lancastrian retainer Sir Robert Waterton,[11] under whose tutelage he remained until 1423, in a low public profile. Such was the Yorkists' naval dominance that Warwick was able to sail to Ireland in March 1460, meet York and return to Calais in May. Pinches, John Harvey; Pinches, Rosemary (1974), The Royal Heraldry of England, Heraldry Today, Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press, sfn error: no target: CITEREFStorey1986 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoodman1990 (, Church of St Mary and All Saints, Fotheringhay, English king's claim to the French throne, Parliament was summoned to meet at Coventry in November, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, "Richard, 3rd duke of York | English noble", "Fotheringhay - The Mausoleum of the House of York", "marks of cadency in the British royal family", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", "Richard of York, third duke of York (1411–1460)", "The Estates, Finances and Regal Aspirations of Richard Plantagenet (1411–1460), Duke of York", "The myth of "Joan of York" or "Joan Plantagenet, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York&oldid=1023009879, Burials at the Church of Saint Mary and All Saints, Fotheringhay, English military personnel killed in action, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from A Compendium of Irish Biography (1878), Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour of his uncle Richard Duke of Gloucester. The Percys were shown greater favour both at court and in the struggle for power on the Scottish border. http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I658&tree=Eu... http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I289&tree=Nixon. This could only mean that they were to be accused of treason. His claim was also favoured by the accumulation of hereditary titles and estates. Richard, 3rd Duke of York was born on 21 September 1411, the second surviving child and first surviving son of Richard of Conisburgh, later Earl of Cambridge and his wife Anne Mortimer. Family. Although Margaret of Anjou had now taken the place formerly held by Suffolk or Somerset, her position, at least at first, was not as dominant. However, claiming lack of money to defend English possessions, York decided to return to England. Richard had an only sister, Isabel. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. In May 1436, a few months after Bedford's death, York was appointed to succeed him as commander of the English forces in France. York, Salisbury, and Salisbury's eldest son, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, were threatened when a Great Council was called to meet on 21 May in Leicester (away from Somerset's enemies in London). [20] This was the duke's first military command. [citation needed], Once York took his army south of Leicester, thus barring the route to the Great Council, the dispute between him and the king regarding Somerset would have to be settled by force. Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (22 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate, a great-grandson of King Edward III through his father, and a great-great-great-grandson of the same king through his mother. Richard of York was born on 22 September 1411, the son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge (1385–1415), and his wife Anne Mortimer (1388–1411). Richardhad one sister: Isabel of Cambridge Countess of Essex. Henry's attempts at reconciliation between the factions divided by the killings at St Albans reached their climax with The Love Day on 25 March 1458. York was killed in the battle. In literature, Richard appears in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 1, in Henry VI, Part 2 and in Henry VI, Part 3.[58]. [18] His actual departure was delayed due to disagreements pertaining to the terms of his indentures. In May the chief councillor of the king, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, was murdered on his way into exile. Salisbury beat back a Lancastrian ambush at the Battle of Blore Heath on 23 September 1459, while his son Warwick evaded another army under the command of the Duke of Somerset, and afterwards they both joined their forces with York. In October, invitations for a Great Council were issued, and although Somerset tried to have him excluded, York (the premier duke of the realm) was included. Lieutenant-general and governor of France (8 May 1436 – 16 July 1437. York and the Nevilles had therefore succeeded in killing their enemies, while York's capture of the king gave him the chance to resume the power he had lost in 1453. 2 Oct 1452 Fotheringhay Castle, co. Northants - d. 22 Aug 1485 Bosworth Field), was the last Yorkist king. When Parliament met again in November, the throne was empty, and it was reported that the king was ill again. York and his ally, the Duke of Norfolk, arrived in London in November with large and threatening retinues. This drove the Nevilles into the arms of York, who now for the first time had support among a section of the nobility. On 12 October, at the Battle of Ludford Bridge, York once again faced Henry just as he had at Dartford seven years earlier. [citation needed], For the rest of the summer, York held the king prisoner, either in Hertford castle or in London (to be enthroned in Parliament in July). Edward V Richard, Duke of York Elizabeth of York M Isobel Neville George, Duke of Clarence M Richard Pole Margaret, Countess of Salisbury Edward, Earl of Warwick M M Elizabeth John De Margaret La Pole Charles, Duke of Burgundy John De La Pole, Earl of Lincoln Richard De La Pole Edmund De La Pole, Duke of Suffolk Edward IV Richard, Duke of York On 10 October, York arrived in London and took residence in the royal palace. Birth of Margaret Plantagenet, of York, Duchesse de ... Lord Protector of England, 3rd Duke of York. English Coat Of Arms Family Tree With Pictures Royal Family Trees Plantagenet Duke Of York Medieval Royalty Lily Stamp By the summer of 1453, York seemed to have lost his power struggle. [S6] G.E. This may have been the start of the hatred that York harboured for the Beaufort family, a resentment that would later turn into civil war. However, his narrow support among his peers led to failure once again. York remained in Ireland. A Parliament called to meet on 7 October repealed all the legislation of the Coventry parliament the previous year. In December Parliament elected York's chamberlain, Sir William Oldhall, as speaker. Although Richard never became king, he was the father of Edward IV and Richard III. Instead, there was silence. (See a family tree to understand this.) He must have had reasonable expectations of reappointment. Son of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge and Anne de Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge York was buried at Pontefract, but his head was put on a pike by the victorious Lancastrian armies and displayed over Micklegate Bar at York, wearing a paper crown. Booth was a member of the queen's inner circle. Duchess Of York Duke Of York Duke Of Lancaster John Of Gaunt Royal Family Trees Family Information Tudor Dynasty Tudor Era Plantagenet More information ... 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